关于 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Aliphatic hydrocarbons are a family of petroleum derived solvents made up of straight chain and branched alkanes (general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂) and cyclic alkanes (CₙH₂ₙ).

Unlike aromatic solvents, they contain no benzene rings, or only trace amounts in dearomatised grades, which gives them lower odour and milder solvency. They are produced by distilling petroleum fractions to a set boiling range, then hydrotreating to remove sulphur and, for low aromatic and dearomatised grades, hydrogenating to saturate aromatic compounds. The family includes white spirit and mineral spirits, odourless and low aromatic white spirits, dearomatised solvents such as the D30 and D40 grades, isoparaffins and high flash naphthas. All are clear, colourless liquids that are insoluble in water, and grades are selected by boiling range, flash point, evaporation rate and aromatic content.

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Uses

Paints, Coatings and Inks

White spirit and related grades are the standard thinners and solvents for alkyd paints, enamels, varnishes, wood stains and primers. They control viscosity and drying time and help paint level smoothly on application. Low odour and dearomatised grades are chosen for interior coatings and printing inks where odour and aromatic content must be kept low.

Cleaning and Degreasing

Aliphatic solvents dissolve oils, greases, waxes and uncured paint, making them widely used in parts washers, metal degreasing, brush and equipment cleaning, and dry cleaning, where Stoddard solvent has a long history. High flash grades are preferred in workshops and maintenance settings because they reduce fire risk compared with faster evaporating solvents.

Adhesives, Sealants and Polymer Processing

These solvents act as carriers and diluents in contact adhesives, sealants and mastics, and as reaction and extraction solvents in polymer and resin manufacture. Isoparaffins and dearomatised grades are also used in aerosol formulations, where their purity and low odour suit consumer products.

Metalworking Fluids and Lubricants

In metalworking, aliphatic hydrocarbons serve as base fluids for rust preventives, light cutting and stamping oils, and evaporative lubricants that leave a thin, dry film on finished parts. They are also used as diluents in lubricant and grease formulations.

Consumer and Specialty Products

Refined grades appear in lamp oil, barbecue lighter fluid, furniture polishes, air fresheners and insecticide sprays. Isoparaffins are also used as carrier solvents in agricultural chemical formulations and in some cosmetic and household products because of their low odour and purity.

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